Раздел "АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ПУБЛИЧНОГО ПРАВА" ; В статье сделана попытка раскрыть правовую природу европейской системы права. Проводится анализ источников права Европейского союза. Отдельное внимание уделяется их статусу. Рассматриваются изменения имеющейся правовой системы после вступления в силу Лиссабонского договора 2007 г. = In the article an attempt to reveal the legal nature of European legal system is made. The author analyses the European Union law sources. Special attention is paid to their status. The changes of current legal system after the entrance into force the Lisbon Treaty in 2007 are examined.
Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Право Европейского союза" ; Настоящая статья посвящена анализу системы источников права Европейского союза, включая первичное, вторичное и дополнительное (третичное) право. В рамках первичного права автор очерчивает круг учредительных документов ЕС, рассматривает их статус и правовую силу, а также определяет влияние принципов международного права и специальных принципов европейского права на систему права ЕС. Система источников вторичного права ЕС чрезвычайно разнообразна. Значительное внимание уделяется правовому статусу актов, принимаемых органами ЕС не только в рамках первой опоры, но также в области совместной внешней политики и политики безопасности, сотрудничества полиций и судебных органов по уголовным делам. В статье также исследуется так называемое дополнительное, или «третичное» право ЕС, определяется, например, правовая сила и роль решений Суда ЕС в формировании европейского права. Автор рассматривает современные тенденции развития права ЕС, в том числе те изменения, которым подвергается вся система источников после вступления в силу Лиссабонского договора, изменяющего Договор о Европейском союзе и Договор, учреждающий Европейское сообщество. = The article presents an overview of the sources of the European Union law, including the primary, secondary and supplementary law. Within the primary law the author considers the scope, status and legal force of the EU establishing treaties and determines the impact of the international law principles and special principles of the European Union on the EU legal system. The EU system of law includes a range of different acts. Attention is paid to the legal force of the acts taken by the EU bodies not only within the first pillar but also in the realms of common foreign and security policy and police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Another matter of focus is the supplementary or tertiary law of the European Union. The author considers for example the legal force of the decisions of the European Court of Justice and the impact of these decisions on the development of the EU law. The article also analyses contemporary challenges and tendencies in the EU legal system as well as amendments in the sphere brought on by the Lisbon Treaty amending the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community.
Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Вопросы теории" ; According to the Charter of the United Nations the U.N. Security Council bears the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. The Council, however, stays sometimes inactive because of controversy among its members. States may thus invoke insufficient efficacy of the S.C. as the basis for actions by the decision of other U.N. organs (Korea crisis 1950, Congo 1961), for collective or individual self-defense. States also try to justify the use of individual coercive measures referring to the necessity to enforce Security Council resolutions (military action in Afghanistan 2001, Iraq 2003). At present the possibility to act "on the advice" of the Security Council in the case of its inactivity or insufficient efficacy is alleged on the following grounds: 1. Authorization of the S.C. to use "all necessary means". 2. Recognition by the S.C. of the existence of a threat or breach of international peace and security. 3. Authorization of the S.C. to take action in self-defense. 4. Enforcement of earlier resolution of the S.C. 5. Other justifications. The present article considers the status of the above-mentioned justifications without the explicit authorization by the U.N. Security Council in the context of the principle of non-intervention into the domestic affairs of states. The study allows to make the following conclusions. Whenever the system of the collective security provided for by the U.N. Charter doesn't function, the Security Council carries out its enforcement capacity by authorizing individual states or international organizations to act. This enforcement activity doesn't constitute intervention into the domestic affairs of states only in so far as it is accomplished in accordance with the authorization of the Council and ceases as soon as the purpose of the sanction is achieved. Other justifications (for example, recognition by the S.C. of the existence of a threat or breach of international peace and security, breach of obligations provided for in the S.C. resolutions, reference to the right of individual and collective self-defense, threat by the severest consequences) constitute no basis for the unilateral enforcement of the rulings of resolutions and therefore break the principle of non-intervention into the domestic affairs of states as well as the prohibition to use force or the threat of force in international relations. Inactivity or insufficient efficacy of the U.N. Security Council cannot be viewed as an authorization to resort to unilateral military measures either.
